Available Technologies

Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dimentia and Alzheimer's Disease Treatment

1584 — Phosphosdiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an enzyme that degrades the important intracellular signaling molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP is critically involved in long-term potentiation, a process widely believed to underlie memory formation. Because the inventors had observed reduced cAMP signaling in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, they reasoned that PDE4 inhibition might prevent memory defects. To test this hypothesis, the researchers selected rolipram, a selective PDE4 ...

Molecule foir Neurotrophic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s

m04-072 — Neurotrophic factors are responsible for the growth, maintenance and survival of neurons. They may be key in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. However, human neurotrophic factors are polypeptides, which suffer problems of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability when used as a drug. Small molecules that mimics neurotrophic factor have the potential of avoiding these pitfalls. While they still feature neurotrophic activity, they may also be orally bioava...

Treatment and Prevention of Immunological Disorders: Auto-Immune Disease, Infectious Disease, Organ Transplantation, or Tumor

1779 — “Lead Inventors: , STV Reference: IR 1979, 1779, 500 Auto-immune disease treatment that doesn't damage immunity to infection: T cells play critical roles as effectors and regulators of cell-mediated immune responses. This is based upon the immune system's ability to discriminate overall T cell responses to foreign non-self antigens (protective immune responses to eliminate infectious agents) from T cell responses to intrinsic self antigens (injurious autoimmune responses potentially c...

Anti-Thrombotic Agent Testing with Genetically Altered Mouse Model

1957 — One major hurdle hindering antithrombotic drug development is the lack of an appropriate small animal model of thrombosis to test promising therapies, as in vitro models of thrombosis do not accurately recapitulate the hemodynamic conditions, cell-cell interactions, or cell-protein interactions that occur at sites of vascular injury in a living animal. Thus, the development of a “"humanized”“ mouse model of hemostasis and thrombosis would potentially expedite drug discovery and testing a...

Mice lacking the 5-HT5A receptor

1500 — From Increased Exploratory Activity and Altered Response to LSD in Mice Lacking the 5-HT(5A) Receptor, Neuron, Vol. 22, 581-591, March, 1999. R. Grailhe, C. Waeber, S. Dulawa, J. Hornung, X. Zhuang, D. Brunner, M. Geyer, and R. Hen Although classical pharmacological strategies have identified functions of many serotonergic receptors (Wilkinson and Dourish, 1991), specific ligands have not yet been identified for the recently cloned 5-HT(5A), 5-HT(5B), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7) receptors. When...

A New Use of Clenbuterol in Treating Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

1509 — Details of the Invention The invention establishes that adrenergic beta-2 agonists such as clenbuterol can be used to prevent and treat heart failure patients either alone or in combination with an adrenergic beta-1 antagonist such as metoprolol. Clenbuterol is a long-acting beta 2-adrenergic agonist approved for use in the treatment of pulmonary disorders in Europe. Oral clenbuterol has been also used extensively by athletes to enhance muscle size and strength. This new therapy will prov...

Congestive Heart Failure Treatment with Clenbuterol

1675 — The invention establishes that adrenergic beta-2 agonists such as clenbuterol can be used to prevent and treat heart failure patients either alone or in combination with an adrenergic beta-1 antagonist such as metoprolol. Clenbuterol is a long-acting beta 2-adrenergic agonist approved for use in the treatment of pulmonary disorders in Europe. Oral clenbuterol has been also used extensively by athletes to enhance muscle size and strength. This new therapy will provide a unique strateg...

Gene strain for encoding taurine and GABA transporters and LPA receptor for epilepsy and migraine driug development

1856 — Epilepsy and migraine drug development using gene strain for transporter genes: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a glycerophospholipid whose signaling is involved in cell proliferation, neurite retraction, platelet agregation, smooth muscle contraction, tumor cell invasion, neurotransmitter release, chloride efflux, and chemotaxis. LPA receptors are important potential therapeutic targets for cancer, autoimmune disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, thrombosis, neuropathic pain, infertil...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Diagnosis and Treatment using LRG-47

2123 — Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that affects an estimated 2.5 to 3 million patients worldwide. The immune system attacks the myelin sheath encasing and protecting nerve fibers, thus disrupting the transmission of electrical signals between the brain, spinal cord, and various parts of the body. Affected individuals often exhibit a constellation of heterogeneous motor and sensory symptoms, some of which are extremely debilitating. Currently av...

An Antithromibotic Agent

357 — “Name of the inventor: David Mark Stern. Preventing Thrombosis without Affecting Normal Hemostasis Calreticulin is a polypeptide that was found to bind Factor IX/IXa and prothrombin. This invention covers a means of using Calreticulin for blocking or preventing thrombosis in a subject without affecting normal hemostasis. Calreticulin Used i...

Gene to Identify Wnt Signaling Pathway

730 — The Wnt signaling pathway is a complex network of proteins that plays a role in cancer, embryogenesis, adult neurogenesis and axon guidance. Given its relevance, the Wnt signaling pathway has been under intensive research. There is an ever-growing need for tools to quantify, localize and alter the cellular concentrations of Wnt-pathway molecules to serve as research tools and future therapeutics. and Zeng Li Available for Licensing and Sponsored Research Support

Autoimmune disease treatment by enhancing immunological response

1703 — “Lead Inventor: Dr. Nicole Suciu-Foca Immunological response enhancement to treat autoimmune disorders: Immunological tolerance is the ability of an individual to differentiate 'self' from 'non-self'. Loss of this tolerance leads to the immune system mounting an immunogenic attack against itself. Patients undergoing transplants or whom have autoimmune diseases have heightened immunological tolerance and require immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory therapies. Unfortunately these therapi...

A new method to diagnose and mechanism to treat hormone-resistant prostate cancer

1727 — The discovery of the expression of a novel protocadherin, protocadherin-PC (PCDH-PC), which promotes malignant behavior and hormone resistance of prostate cancer cells by acting through the Wnt signaling pathway, has potential for affecting future cancer treatments and diagnostic tools. This technology represents a method for treating hormone resistant prostate cancer, as PCDH-PC activity can be reduced by utilizing an inhibitory siRNA directed against PCDH-PC. Furthermore, by assaying P...

Transgenic mouse for impaired expression of endogenous ZDHHC8 as Marker for Schizophrenia

1806 — Microdeletions in chromosome region 22q11 are associated, with relatively high frequency, with severe mental illness. Whereas a person in the general population has a risk of about 1% of developing schizophrenia, that risk may be 25-30 times higher in persons having a deletion in the 22q11 region. It therefore seems likely that the 22q11 region harbors genes that, alone or in combination, are causally implicated in schizophrenia. An emerging “"genetic”“ picture is that the 22q11 micro...

Artificial Human Lipids Reconstituted as Artificial Tears for Ophthalmic Therapeutics and Cosmetic, and Pharmaceutical Dermal Applications

1955 — Many of the products produced for cosmetic and pharmaceutical dermal applications contain lipids derived from plant and animal sources. These are complex mixtures of waxes and oils that do not necessarily provide the optimal profile for a particular application and may contain lipids which are not preferred to be in the formulation. Isolation of specific lipids from these mixtures can be cost-inhibitory for commercial production. Additionally, the lipids from these sources contain compou...

Methods to Activate or Block the HLA-E/Qa-1 Restricted CD8+ T Cell Mediated Regulatory Pathway in Treatment and Prevention of Immunological Disorders: Auto-Immune Disease, Infectious Disease, Organ Transplantation, or Tumor

1979 — Lead Inventors: , STV Reference: IR 1979, 1779, 500 Problem or Unmet Need: T cells play critical roles as effectors and regulators of cell-mediated immune responses. This is based upon the immune system's ability to discriminate overall T cell responses to foreign non-self antigens (protective immune responses to eliminate infectious agents) from T cell responses to intrinsic self antigens (injurious autoimmune responses potentially causing autoimmune diseases). Although many aut...

Antioxidant in the Treatment and Prevention of Lung Disease

1999 — Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease caused by cigarette use. It is the fourth leading cause of death in America; and has 11.4 million affected adults. Approximately $20.9 billion is spent annually on COPD treatment. COPD has a poor prognosis since no treatment (short of lung transplant) can stop its progression. COPD is thought to be caused by chronic inflammation mediated by the immune system. Macrophages are thought to infiltrate in response to toxins (enviro...

PicoRNAVirus for Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infections

2014 — Respiratory tract infections may result in a wide spectrum of disease that ranges from minor discomfort to exacerbations of asthma and COPD/emphysema to acute fatal respiratory failure. During an investigation of Influenza-like illness (ILI) using methods that enable molecular detection and discovery of both cultivatable and non-cultivatable microbes, we discovered a novel picornavirus that was subsequently classified by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses as the prototyp...

Staphylococcus Epidermidis Infection Treatment and Prevention

2046 — A serious complication in the use of implanted medical devices, such as intravascular catheters and ventricular assist devices (VADs), is the high rate of device-related infections. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the leading causes of device-related infections, accounting for 74-92% of infections caused by staphylococci. Even with the concomitant use of antibiotics, the probability of infection upon VAD implantation is roughly 25%, and fatal sepsis is common. Also, as all implant p...

Prostate Cancer Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Tool using RAD9 Gene

2081 — Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer type in American men and is now the second leading cause of cancer death within this group. Currently, there are a number of treatment options available, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and alternative approaches. Selecting one of these options often hinges on a number of factors including age, overall health, cancer grade, tumor localization/metastasis, and potential side effects. A cure for prostate cancer...

Oral Clobazam for Treatment of Post Stroke Hypertonia

2174 — “Lead Inventor: Randolph S. Marshall Hypertonia Hinders Recovery in Stroke Patients: Approximately 750,000 patients suffer a stroke in the United States annually. Of these, about two-thirds require rehabilitation for sequelae related to CNS damage, including aphasia, paralysis, and hypertonia. In 2003, there were over 4.7 million patients in the U.S. living with chronic stroke. Of those with hemiparesis, 63% developed hypertonia. Hypertonia, is a condition in which muscles maintain a leve...

Discovery of a novel microRNA in normal and tumor-related Human B cells

2227 — There is evidence that structural or functional alterations of microRNAs are associated with tumorgenesis. This technology represents a way to identify B cell malignancies and provides a method to treat a given cancer by restoring the level of microRNA expression associated with that cancer to normal. The discovery of a microRNA that is differentially expressed during normal B cell differentiation and malignant transformation has potential to transform future B cell lymphoma diagnostics ...

Treatment of Inherited and Genetic Cardiomyopathies by ERK Inhibition

2372 — Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is a form of genetic, degenerative muscular dystrophy disease affecting muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles) and heart (cardiac) muscle. The major cause of mortality and morbidity in EDMD is cardiomyopathy. So far, no specific treatment for EDMD exists. While EDMD is a relatively uncommon disorder, mutations in the same gene (LMNA) that cause autosomal dominant EDMD may in fact be responsible for 8% or inherited and sporadic dilated cardio...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Protein 3 (IGF-BP3) for Inhibiting Tumor Growth

1266 — “Lead Inventors: lrena Kirman, MD, Ph.D. and Richard L. Whelan, MD Surgical Trauma Encourages Cancer Recurrence: This invention provides a method of preventing the proliferation of metastases and recurrence of cancer following open surgical resection of tumor mass. This is accomplished by monitoring and modulating the levels of the 43-45kD protein insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the major insulin-like growth factor binding protein, in the patient's circulation. Fo...

Reducing Seizure-Induced Neuronal Damage

1394 — “Name of the inventor: Shi Du Yan, Guy McKhann, David M. Stern Treating Seizures To Reduce Neuronal Damage: A method for inhibiting neuronal damage comprises administering a prophylactically effective amount of an inhibitor/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which would otherwise result from a seizure in the event the subject were to suffer a seizure. Neuronal Damage from Seizure Therapy The method is useful in the treatment/inhibition of human seizure disorders. ”

Black Cohosh Extract and Triterpene Glycoside Act as Anti-Neoplastic Agent or in Combination with Existing Compounds Results in Synergistic Anti-Cancer Action

2425 — Related Technologies: IR# & IR# Anti-Cancer Drug Toxicity and Resistance in Patients This invention is an extract from, and a particular component of, black cohosh (a flowering plant native to much of the Eastern United States) that alone has shown anti-cancer effects that are non-toxic. In addition, when the isolated component, a triterpene glycoside, is combined with the known anti-cancer agent paclitaxel, a synergistic effect was observed in inhibiting growth of breast can...

Dorsalin-1 polypeptide and uses thereof

292 — Lead Inventor: Discovery of a new morphogenetic protein with potential use as an inducing agent in wound healing, bone repair and neuronal repair. Classic treatment options that utilize tissue grafts are accompanied by risks such as donor site morbidity, disease transmission, infection and adverse immune reactions. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been identified as a class of growth factors required for proper tissue organization throughout the body and hold great interest in th...

Neural axon outgrowth modulators

276 — “Name of the inventor: Marc Tessier-Lavigne Isolated Polypeptides Comprising Vertebrate/Insect Netrins or Axon Growth Moduator Portions Methods and compositions relating to netrins and netrin genes are described. Nucleic Acids that encode Netrin Proteins and Probes/Primers that Hybridize with Netrin Genes Isolated polypeptides comprising ...

Long-term memory enhancement compound

604 — “Name of the inventor: Dusan Bartsch Agent to enhance long-term memory: A method for enhancing long-term memory in a subject with repressed cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) responsive gene expression is described. Therapeutic agent capable of enhancing long-term memory: An effective amount of a therapeutic agent that is capable of interfering with the binding of a cAMP-response-element-binding-protein-2 to a protein and/or a DNA associated with cAMP-responsive gene expression ...

Inhibitors of Human 9-cis Retinol Dehydrogenase Linked to Cancer Detection

740 — “Name of the inventor: William Blaner Cancer Detection Possible with Human Retinol Dehydrogenase: Methods of detecting compounds that are capable of inhibiting the enzymatic activity of human 9-cis retinol dehydrogenase in in-vitro and in-vivo conditions are described. The compounds capable of inhibiting human 9-cis retinol dehydrogenase include naturally occurring and synthetic retinoids and lipids. A method for detecting a predisposition to cancer or a disease associated with either a...

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone FSH) with Increased Serum Half-Life for Treating Infertility

1146 — Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injections are often used by fertility clinics to stimulate growth and recruitment of immature follicles to the ovary. However, the lifetime of FSH is limited, necessitating repeated injections which may have undesirable side effects. Thus, the half-life of FSH must be increased to reduce the frequency of injections. Reduced ovarian vasculature also contributes to infertility. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hormone that stimulates new...

Non-UV light-released photolabile compounds

m04-031 — “Name of the inventor: Rafael Yuste Photolabile compounds released using visible, non-UV light that does not harm biological samples such as cells and tissues STV Reference: IR M04-031, Description: Novel photolabile compounds and methods for uncaging an organic molecule, such as a bioactive molecule are described. The photolabile compound is biologically active with the ligand and gets released when exposed to visible light. Visible light is not detrimental to the viability of bio...

Post-surgical cancer recurrence prevention by inhibition of metastatic cell tumor growth

1642 — This invention provides a method of preventing the proliferation of metastases and following surgery appears to be due to proteolytic cleavage mediated by matrix metalloproteinase 9 lrena Kirman, MD, Ph.D. and Richard L. Whelan, MD United States Issued Patent# 7166,288 and patent pending Licensing Status: Available for Licensing and Sponsored Research Support Publications: Surgery (2004) 136 (2): 205-9; Disease of the Colon and Rectum (2004) 47 (6): 91 1-1 8; Surg En...

Vascular disease non-invasive prevention and treatment

1695 — “Name of the inventor: Martin David Tilson III Cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, or aneurysm prevention and treatment The inventors have identified a nutraceutical formulation which inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) related matrix metalloproteinase-2. The invention encompasses methods for treating AAA, or other similar vascular conditions, by administering safe and effective amounts of a nutraceutical for clinical treatment. Various methods for administration ...

Pulp Regeneration Using Stem Cells and Bio-functional Scaffold

1758 — The health of a human tooth depends on the integrity of the dental hard tissues and the support of living soft tissues, the pulp. The pulp can be exposed by caries or by trauma, which are common and cause inflammation or death of the tooth pulp. Current endodontic (or root canal) treatment for such conditions requires removal of a substantial amount of tooth structure. It is therefore desirable to develop a more advanced endodontic treatment is needed to support or restore the regenerati...

Discovery of RAS-selective drugs to treat cancer

m06-044 — Many anti-cancer drugs currently in use are toxic compounds that cause significant side effects. These agents are often not particularly selective for tumor cells and can cause unwanted damage or death to normal cells. Furthermore, the high doses required to maintain the efficacy of many anti-cancer drugs results in increased toxicity in patients. Drug resistance is also an issue for cancer therapies: high doses and repeated treatments can produce tumors that are resistant to available c...

Craniosynostosis Treated with Bioactive Agent for Minimally Invasive Treatment

2031 — Invention: A minimally invasive therapy for the treatment of craniosynostosis Unmet Need: Current therapy for craniosynostosis is limited to open-skull surgery, involving the reshaping, cutting and removal of multiple skull bones. Some of these techniques can last several hours, requiring blood transfusions to correct estimated blood loss percentages from 25% to 500%. Most patients undergoing these procedures had significant facial swelling and remained hospitalized for up to 1 week. ...

Cancer Detection with Mutant-Enriched DNA Sequencing for Small Tumor PIK3CA Mutations

2153 — Altered regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been associated with cancer development. Somatic mutation of one PI3K signaling component, PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit p110a), has been identified in many tumor types including early lesions of breast cancer carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma, as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Given the involvement of PIK3CA in many aspects of t...

Gab2 Gene Therapeutic Target for Melanoma

2344 — Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the US. If diagnosed in the early stages, melanoma can be treated with surgery; however metastatic disease has a poor prognosis with a median survival of 6-9 months. There is no therapy for thicker or metastatic melanomas proven to have a significant impact on survival. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets and develop new treatment strategies for this disease. This invention is the identification of a ...

Cloning, expression and uses of a secreted protein, F-spondin

287 — Name of the inventor: Thomas M. Jessell Ph.D. An isolated vertebrate nucleic acid molecule encoding F-spondin. A nucleic acid probe capable of specifically hybridizing with a sequence included within the nucleic acid sequence encoding an F-spondin is also disclosed. Nerve cells are made to attach to a matrix and are stimulated to grow using effective concentration of purified F-spondin. A method of nerve cell regeneration in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition cont...

Using antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin-related determinants to lyse measure and enrich malignant cells

309 — “Name of the inventor: Alexander Krichevsky Lysing Malignant Cells Using Antibodies against Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Related Determinants A method of lysing malignant cells using antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin-related determinants. Bringing Malignant Cells into Contact with Antibody for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Malignant cells are brought...

Treating Glaucoma with a Modified Oligonuceotide

387 — “Name of the inventor: Cy Stein Treating Glaucoma Topically with a Modified Oligonucleotide Topical administration of a modified oligonucleotide for the treatment of glaucoma is discussed. The oligonucleotide may be substituted or modified in its phosphate, sugar or base so as to decrease the intraocular pressure and thereby treat glaucoma. Oligon...

Intracellular Amyloid-Beta Binding Polypeptide

658 — “Name of the inventor: David Mark Stern Polypeptide for Neurodegenerative Conditions: An isolated nucleic acid encoding an endoplasmic reticulum associated amyloid-beta peptide binding (ERAB) polypeptide is described. The ERAB polypeptide may comprise human ERAB polypeptide. A purified ERAB polypeptide is described. A method for treating a neurodegenerative condition in a subject by administering an effective amount of an agent to inhibit ERAB polypeptide binding to amyloid-beta peptide ...

Protease Polypeptide for Identifying Leukemia Treatment

674 — “Name of the inventor: Christian W. Schindler Leukemia Treatment Research Possible with Stat5-Specific Protease: A Stat5-specific protease polypeptide is described. The Stat5-specific protease is a partially-purified protease or a recombinant protease. A method for the identification of compounds or small molecules which regulate hematopoietic differentiation is proposed. A monoclonal or polyclonal antibody which specifically binds to the Stat5-specific protease is disclosed. Further, a m...

Isolated Fragments of Nucleoporin

909 — “Name of the inventor: Seth Lederman MD Protein Fragments for Immune Response Research: Isolated protein fragments of p62 nucleoporin including deletion isoforms and nucleic acid sequences encoding these deletion isoforms and pharmaceutical compositions methods for their use activating target genes are described. The method of inhibiting inflammation/ translocation of NF-6B /enhancing immune response comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount of an isolated polypeptide having...

Transformation Progression-Related Genes for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

proxyfisher5 — “Name of the inventor: Paul Fisher Cancer Diagnosis, Monitoring and Therapy with Polypeptide Composition Compositions and methods for cancer diagnosis, monitoring and therapy are disclosed. The pharmaceutical composition comprises a polypeptide and a physiologically acceptable carrier. Cancer Progression Monitored and Inhibited with Isolated Polypeptide The isolated polypeptide comprises a portion of a progression-related protein/a variant wherein the progression-related protein retains at...

Homeodomain Protein Code Specifying Progenitor Cell Identity and Neuronal Fate in the Ventral Neural Tube

1045 — “Name of the inventor: Thomas M. Jessell Ph.D. Genetically Engineered Neurons Generated for Motor Neuron Injury and Disease Methods for generating genetically engineered neurons for treating subjects having a motor neuron injury or a motor neuron disease are described. The method involves implanting genetically engineered neural cells in the injured/diseased neural tissue of the subject. Retroviral expression systems are administered which are capable of expressing the appropriate homeodo...

Phosphorothioate Antisense Heparanase Oligonucleotides for Reduced Angiogenesis and Metastasis of Tumors

1103 — “Name of the inventor: Cy Stein Tumor Metastasis and Angiogenesis Reduction by Inhibition of Heparanase Protein Expression Antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides that specifically inhibit the translation of heparanase enzyme are described. Reduced Angiogenesis and Metastasis of Tumors with Pharmaceutical Composition Pharmaceutical compositions comprising antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides as active ingredients are used to reduce angiogenesis and metastasis of tumors in a subje...

Compounds which Bind to Central Cavity Between HIV-1 gp120 and CD4 for HIV-1 Prevention

1114 — Comparisons between the crystal structures of the cavity regions between the gp120 and CD4 molecules in HXBc2 and YU2 isolates showed that while CD4 binding was rigid, portions of the gp120 core were conformationally flexible with minor overall differences were and sequence changes concentrated in a region that is expected to be exposed on the surface of the envelope oligomer. “ Wayne A. Hendrickson HIV-1Infection Prevented with Compound thet Binds to Central Cavity between HIV...

Rodent model of HIV-1 infection, virus replication, and AIDS pathology

1485 — “Name of the inventor: Mary Jane Potash Ph.D. Chimeric HIV construct generates a small animal (rodent) model of HIV-1 infection The invention provides a chimeric HIV construct that infects murine cells and thereby generates a small animal (rodent) model of HIV-1 infection and AIDS. This invention presents the first rodent model of HIV-1 infection that successfully overcomes a number of problems with existing rodent models of HIV-1 infection. This was accomplished by constructing the no...